PASS軟件為965種以上的統(tǒng)計測試和置信區(qū)間方案提供了樣本量工具，是其他樣本量軟件的兩倍以上。 每個工具均已使用已發(fā)表的文章和/或文本進行了仔細驗證。PASS被廣泛用于臨床試驗計劃，資助計劃，藥物研究，統(tǒng)計和生物統(tǒng)計學咨詢，健康研究以及研究計劃和研究評估的許多其他領域。

通過下載免費試用版，查看下方的視頻來了解PASS。

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使用步驟

通過PASS獲得樣本量

 在PASS中，您可以通過幾個簡短的步驟來估算統(tǒng)計檢驗或置信區(qū)間的樣本量。 如果您每個步驟都需要指導，PASS會提供出色的文檔，免費的培訓視頻。

選擇程序

使用下拉菜單，過程搜索或類別樹可輕松找到樣本數(shù)量過程。 觀看簡短視頻，以了解如何在PASS中選擇所需的過程。

輸入值

樣本量程序工具易于使用，并且每個選項都有內(nèi)置的幫助消息。 右圖可以幫助您在樣本量程序工具中輸入正確值的方式的說明。 您也可以觀看此視頻，以查看在PASS中使用過程窗口的示例。

準備使用的輸出

運行PASS程序時，樣本量結果和相應的圖將顯示在輸出窗口中。可以單擊樣本大小或功效曲線以在單獨的窗口中顯示，以供查看或保存。使用輸出導航樹可以輕松導航輸出。 輸出的格式使其易于查看，復制和粘貼或保存。 可以將多個輸出運行發(fā)送到輸出庫，以進行保存或比較樣本大小分析。

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PASS software contains a large collection of tools for examining power or calculating sample size for a given statistical procedure. Each procedure may be selected from the menu, category tree, or a procedure search.

PASS Home Window

Once a procedure is chosen, a procedure window opens for input of the needed power or sample size parameters.

Procedure Window for Two-Sample T-Tests

On the procedure window, you can select at the top whether you wish to solve for the sample size, power, or some other parameter. As you mouse over each option, helpful definitions and hints are shown at the right. For many of the parameters, a range of values may be entered to examine the effect of changing that parameter. You can also press the help button in the top right corner to see the technical details of the procedure, as well as examples and procedure validation. When the Calculate button is pressed, the output screen appears with the numeric results, article references, report definitions, summary statements, and charts of the numeric results.

PASS Output Window

This output can be saved or easily copied-and-pasted to a word processing application. The charts can be saved to a variety of file formats.

PASS Features Detail

One or Two Means

PASS contains over 60 tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of the comparison of one, two, or paired means, including t-tests, equivalence, non-inferiority, cross-over, nonparametric, and simulation, among many others. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a means topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.

Multiple Means

PASS contains several tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of the comparison of three or more means, including ANOVA, mixed models, multiple comparisons, multivariate, and repeated measures, among others. Each procedure is very straightforward to use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a multiple means topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.

Correlation

PASS contains several procedures for sample size calculation and power analysis for correlation, including tests for one and two correlations, confidence intervals for one correlation, and tests for intraclass correlation. PASS also has procedures that compute sample size and power for testing one and two coefficient alphas, testing kappa for the agreement between two raters, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. Each procedure is easy-to-use and validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a correlation topic. Only a brief summary is given for each procedure.

Normality Tests

PASS includes a procedure for power analysis and sample size calculation for eight different tests of normality. The procedure is easy-to-use and validated for accuracy.

Variances and Standard Deviations

PASS contains a number of procedures for sample size calculation and power analysis for variances and standard deviations, including tests for one and two variances, confidence intervals for one variance, confidence intervals for the ratio two variances, and confidence intervals for one standard deviation. Each procedure is easy-to-use and validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a correlation topic. Only a brief summary is given for each procedure.

Regression

PASS contains several procedures for sample size calculation and power analysis for regression, including linear regression, confidence intervals for the linear regression slope, multiple regression, Cox regression, Poisson regression, and logistic regression. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a regression topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary is given.

One Proportion

PASS contains over 20 tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of one proportion, including z-tests, equivalence, non-inferiority, confidence intervals, and conditional power, among others. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a one proportion topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.

Two Proportions

PASS contains over 50 tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of two proportions, including z-tests, equivalence, non-inferiority, confidence intervals, correlated proportions, cluster randomized, and conditional power, among many others. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a two proportions topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.

Chi-Square and Other Proportions Tests

PASS contains several tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of multiple proportions, including crosstabs (chi-square), Cochran-Armitage, two ordered categorical variables, and sensitivity and specificity, among others. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a proportions topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.

Survival

PASS contains over 25 tools for sample size estimation and power analysis of survival methods, including logrank tests, non-inferiority, group-sequential, and conditional power, among others. Each procedure is easy-to-use and is carefully validated for accuracy. Use the links below to jump to a survival topic. For each procedure, only a brief summary of the procedure is given.